UPLC–MS/MS Quantification of Ten Key Kratom Alkaloids in Leaf Extracts and Commercial Products
Open‑Access Batch Analyses of 10 Key Alkaloids
Abstract
A sensitive UPLC–MS/MS assay was developed and validated to quantify ten kratom alkaloids in raw and commercial matrices. The method achieved linearity (1–200 ng/mL), precision (< 15%), and identified major alkaloid content ranges across samples, supporting standardisation and quality control. (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
Introduction
Kratom’s therapeutic consistency is challenged by variable alkaloid content. Reliable quantification methods are vital for quality control in botanical products.
Methods
Leaf extracts, teas, and commercial formulations were processed via protein precipitation. Separation was performed using an Acquity BEH C18 column with an acetonitrile/ammonium acetate buffer (pH 3.5). MRM transitions were optimised for ten alkaloids. Method validation followed FDA bioanalytical guidelines.
Results
- Linearity was confirmed (r² > 0.995) for all analytes
- LLOQ = 1 ng/mL
- Major alkaloid ranges:
- Mitragynine: 0.7–38.7 % w/w
- Paynantheine: 0.3–12.8 %
- Speciociliatine: 0.4–12.3 %
- Speciogynine: 0.1–5.3 %
- Minor alkaloids (including 7‑OH): 0.01–2.8 % w/w
Discussion
The method’s robustness enables batch‑to‑batch comparison, essential for regulatory compliance and clinical research. Observed alkaloid variability underscores the need for standardisation across kratom products.
Conclusion
This validated UPLC–MS/MS assay facilitates accurate, reproducible quantification of kratom alkaloids, aiding quality assurance and supporting consumer safety.
References
Sharma A, Kamble SH, León F, et al. Simultaneous quantification of ten key Kratom alkaloids in Mitragyna speciosa leaf extracts and commercial products by UPLC–MS/MS. Drug Test Anal. 2019;11(8):1162‑1171. (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)